Japan’s Growing Need for Foreign Workers: Key Trends and Visa Options

According to new government data, Japan has experienced its largest annual increase in foreign workers since records began. With a rapidly ageing population and ongoing labour shortages, the country is seeing a growing reliance on international workers across various industries.

Foreign Workforce Hits 2.3 Million in 2024

As of October 2024, Japan’s foreign workforce reached 2.3 million, marking an increase of approximately 254,000 workers from the previous year. This surge is the highest since Japan began tracking such data in 2008 and continues a trend of record-breaking annual increases.

To put this growth into perspective, Japan had only 788,000 foreign workers in 2014. Over the past decade, the number has nearly tripled, highlighting the increasing demand for international labour.

Why Japan Needs More Foreign Workers

Japan has the world’s second-oldest population, following Monaco, according to the World Bank. With a declining birth rate and strict immigration policies, the country faces significant labour shortages across multiple sectors. Foreign workers are filling crucial roles in industries such as:

• Manufacturing
• Hospitality
• Retail

Top Nationalities in Japan’s Foreign Workforce

According to the latest Labour Ministry data, the majority of foreign workers in Japan come from:

• Vietnam
• China
• The Philippines

These nationalities dominate Japan’s international labour market, often taking up jobs in skilled and semi-skilled roles across key industries.

The Role of Japan’s Technical Intern Program

A significant portion of Japan’s foreign workforce—around 20.4%—is enrolled in the country’s “Technical Intern Training Program” (TITP). This state-sponsored initiative is designed to provide specialized training to workers from countries like Vietnam and China, with the expectation that they will return home with enhanced skills.

However, the program has faced criticism. Some experts have labelled it a “backdoor” route for foreign labour. While Japan officially maintains a restrictive immigration stance, critics argue that the program allows the country to bring in workers under the guise of skill development.

Visa Options for Foreign Workers in Japan

For those interested in working in Japan, there are several visa options available:

1. Specified Skilled Worker (SSW) Visa

• Allows foreigners to work in designated industries facing labour shortages, such as caregiving, construction, and food services.
• Available in two categories: SSW-1 (renewable, but requires a skills test) and SSW-2 (allows long-term residence and family sponsorship).

2. Highly Skilled Professional Visa

• A points-based visa for highly qualified professionals in fields like technology, finance, and research.
• Offers benefits like a fast-track to permanent residency.

3. Work Visa for Engineers, Specialists, and Instructors

• Covers professionals in IT, engineering, teaching, and other specialized fields.
• Requires a job offer from a Japanese employer.

4. Technical Intern Training Program

• Designed for foreign interns participating in the Technical Intern Training Program (TITP).
• Often criticized for its strict conditions and potential for worker exploitation.

Navigating the Visa Process: Key Considerations

Obtaining a Japanese work visa can be complex. It’s essential to:

• Research thoroughly: Understand the specific requirements for your desired visa category.
• Prepare documentation meticulously: Gather all necessary documents, including educational qualifications, work experience proof, and language proficiency certificates.
• Find a sponsor: Many working visas require sponsorship from a Japanese company.  
• Consult with immigration specialists: Seek professional advice to navigate the process smoothly.

Conclusion

Japan’s increasing reliance on foreign workers underscores its urgent need to address labour shortages. With a rising foreign workforce and evolving immigration policies, the country is gradually adapting to its economic realities.

For those considering employment in Japan, understanding visa options and industry demands is crucial for a smooth transition into the Japanese workforce.